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These are a few of the plants found in the Bible, and they usually fall into three categories:
A. Non-hardy trees and shrubs
B. Hardy trees and shrubs
C. Annuals, biennials & herbaceous perennials
Acacia tortilis (acacia) – Exodus 37:25 “They made the alter of incense out of acacia wood. It was square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high…”. This is a thorny tree.
Acanthus – Job 30:7 “They brayed among the bushes and huddled in the underbrush”.
Calamus –Biblical name cassia – EX. 30-22-23 “Then the Lord said to Moses, ‘Take the following fine spices: 500 shekels of liquid myrrh, half as much of fragrant cinnamon, 250 shekels of fragrant cane, 500 shekels of cassia…”.
Corn Cockle – Biblical name weeds Matt. 13:26 “When the wheat sprouted and formed heads, then the weeds also appeared.” In the Bible you will find the word ‘tares or weeds’ quite a lot. The weed referred to in the texts concerned is usually corn cockle.
Onion – Numbers 11:5 “We remember the fish we ate in Egypt at no cost –also the cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions and garlic.”
Aloe – John 19:39 “Nicodemus bought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds.”
Rose of Jericho –Biblical name Tumbleweed – Psalm 83:13 “Make them like
Tumbleweed, O my God, like chaff before the wind”.
Anemone – Biblical name, lily – Luke 12:27 “Consider how the lilies grow. They do not labour or spin. Yet I tell you, not even Solomon in all his splendour was dressed like one of these.”
Dill – Biblical name Caraway – Isaiah 28:25 “When he has leveled the surface, does he not sow caraway and scatter cumin”?
Bulrush – Biblical name reed – 2 Kings 18:20-21
Oats – Biblical name grass – Matt. 14:19
Black Mustard – Luke 13:19 “It is like a mustard seed, which a man took and planted in his garden. It grew, became a tree, and the birds of the air perched in its branches”
Capers- Ecc. 12:5
Thistle – Hosea 10:8
Safflower – Biblical name, saffron – Song of Songs 4:14
Cedar of Lebanon – Ps. 92:12-13 “…they will grow like a cedar of Lebanon; planted in the house of the Lord, they will flourish in the courts of our God”.
Star Thistle – Gen. 3:17-18 – “Because you (Adam) listened to your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat of it’, cursed is the ground because of you; through painful toil you will eat of it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you”.
Judas Tree – Cercis siliquastrum – Matt. 27:5 “Then he (Judas) went away and hanged himself.”
Crown Daisy – Biblical name flower – 1 Peter 1:24 – “All men are like grass, and their glory is like the flowers of the field; the grass withers and the flowers fall…”.
Chickpea – Biblical name vegetables – Daniel 1:12-13 “Please test your servants for ten days. Give us nothing but vegetables to eat and water to drink. Then compare our appearance with that of the young men who eat the royal food, and treat your servants in accordance with what you see”.
Wild Chicory – Biblical name bitter herbs – Ex. 12:8 “….that same night they are to eat the meat roasted over the fire, alo9ng with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast”.
Cinnamon – Song of Songs 4:14 - “…..nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with ever kind of incense tree…”
Rock Rose – Biblical name, myrrh – Gen. 37:25
Bitter-apple – Biblical name, gourds – 2 Kings 4:39
Watermelon – Biblical name, melon – Numbers 11:5
Coriander – Ex. 16:31- “The people of Israel called the bread manna. It was white like coriander seed and tasted like wafers made with honey”.
Cucumber/Gherkin – Numbers 11:5
Cypress – Isaiah 41:19 – “I will put in the desert the cedar and the acacia, the myrtle and the olive. I will set pines in the wasteland, the fir and the cypress together…”.
Cyclamen – Biblical name lily – Song of songs 2:1-2 – “I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys. Like a lily among thorns is my darling amount the maidens.”
Papyrus Reed Ex. 2:3-4 – “But when she could hide him (Moses) no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it withy tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in it and put in among the reeds along the bank of the Nile”.
Burning Bush – Ex. 3:2 – “He saw the though the bush was on fire it did not burn up”.
Wild Olive – Biblical name olive – Isaiah 41:19
Fig – Gen. 3:6-7 – “When the woman saw the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it. Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they realized that they were naked; so they sowed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves”.
Sycamore Fig – Amos 7:14
Cotton – Biblical name linen – Esther 1:6
Ivy – Hedera helix in Jewish writings 2 Maccabees 6:7
Barley- Ex. 9:31
Hyacinth – Biblical name lily – Song of songs 4:5
Yellow Iris – Biblical name lily – Hosea 14:5
Woad – Biblical name, purple linen – Rev. 18:11-13- “The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her because no one buys their cargoes anymore – cargoes of gold, silver, precious stones and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk and scarlet cloth, every sort of citron wood, and articles of every kind made of ivory, costly wood, bronze, iron and marble; cargoes of cinnamon and spice, of incense, myrrh and frankincense, of wine and olive oil, of fine flour and wheat; cattle and sheep; ho9rses and carriages, and bodies and souls of men”.
Walnut – Biblical name nut – Song of Songs 6:11.
Juniper – Biblical name algum – 2 Chron. 2:8 & I Kings 10:11012
Lettuce – Biblical name bitter herbs – Num. 9:11
Bay Tree – Biblical name , green tree – Ps. 37:35
Lentil – Gen. 25:29-34
Flax – Prov. 31:13
Broom – Biblical name broom tree – I Kings 19:4
Mandragora – Biblical name mandrake – Gen. 30 14-16.
Mulberry – Biblical name mulberry tree – Luke 17:5-6Myrtle – Isaiah 55:13
Polyanthus Narcissus – Biblical name crocus – Isaiah 35:1-2 “The desert and the parched land will be glad; the wilderness will rejoice and blossom. Like the crocus, it will burst into bloom; it will rejoice greatly and shout for joy”.
White Watercress – Biblical name – bitter herbs – Numbers 9:11
Oleander – Biblical name rose – Ecc. 39:14 “Listen to me, devout children, and blossom like the rose that grows on the bank of a watercourse”.
Notobasis – Biblical name thorn – Matt. 13:7 “Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the plants”.
Waterlily – Biblical name lily – I Kings 7:19 – “The capitals on top of the pillars in the portico were in the shape of lilies, four cubits high”.
Olive – Genesis 8:10-11 “He (Noah) waited seven more days and again sent out the dove from the ark. When the dove returned to him in the evening, there in its beak was a freshly plucked olive leaf”.
Christ’s Thorn – Biblical name – thornbush – Isaiah 55:13 “Instead of the thornbush will grow the pine tree, and instead of briers the myrtle will grow. This will be for the Lord’s renown, for an everlasting sign, which will not be destroyed”.
Millet – Ezekiel 4:9 “Take wheat and barley, beans and lentils, millet and spelt; put them into a container and make them into a bread for yourself”.
Poppy – Biblical name flower of the field – Isaiah 40:6-8 “All men are like grass, and all their glory is like the flowers of the field. The grass withers and the flowers fall, because the breath of the Lord blows on them. Surely the people are grass. The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God stands for ever”.
Date Palm – John 12:12-13 “The next day the great crowd that had come for the Feast heard that Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem. They took palm branches and went out to meet him”.
Pistachio – Biblical name pistachio nut – Genesis 43:11- “Then their father Israel said to them, ‘If it must be, then do this: Put some of the best products of the land in your bags and take them down to the man as a gift – a little balm and a little honey, some spices and myrrh, some pistachio nuts and almonds”.
Plane Tree – Genesis 30:37 & Ezekiel 31:8 “The cedars in the garden of God could not rival it, nor could the pine trees equal its boughs, nor could the plane trees compare with its branches – no tree in the garden of God could match its beauty”.
Almond – Ecc. 12:5 “When men are afraid of heights and of dangers in the streets; when the almond tree blossoms and the grasshopper drags himself along…”.
Pomegranate – Song of Songs 4:13 “Your plants are an orchard of pomegranates with choice fruits”.
Oak – Isaiah 6:13 “But as the terebinth and oak leave stumps when they are cut down, so the holy seed will be the stump in the land”.
Rose – Biblical name rose of Sharon – Song of Songs 2:1 “I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys”.
Madder – Biblical name scarlet - Ex. 26:1 “Make the tabernacle with ten curtains of finely twisted linen and blue, purple and scarlet yarn…”
Sorrell – Biblical name bitter herbs – Numbers 9:11
Butcher’s Broom – Biblical name briers – Ezekiel 2:6 “And you, son of man, do not be afraid of them or their words. Do not be3 afraid, though briers and thorns are all around you and you live among scorpions….”
Rue – Luke 11:42 “Woe to you, Pharisees, because you give God a tenth of your mint, rue and other kinds of garden herbs, but you neglect justice and the love of God”.
Our Lady’s Thistle – Isaiah 34:13 “Thorns will overrun her citadels, nettles and brambles her strongholds”.
Styrax Tree – Biblical name gum resin – Ex. 30:34
Dandelion – Biblical name bitter herbs – Ex. 12:8
Tulip – Biblical name rose of Sharon – Song of Songs 2:1
Stinging-nettle – Biblical name nettle – Ezekiel 2:6
Broad Bean – Biblical name bean – Ezekiel 4:9
Vine – Genesis 9:20-21 – “Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded to plant a vineyard”.
